|
|
|
| Click para ver en GRANDE |
 |
| Famous Mascaras from Costa Rica |
| Click to see in LARGE |
 |
| The arival of Cristobal Colon with his three Carabelas. |
BRIEF REVIEW OF THE CURRENT INDIGENOUS GROUPS OF COSTA RICA
In Costa Rica eight indigenous groups have been identified and are distributed in 21 reserves that cover a surface area of 320.888 hectares and in which more than thirty thousand indigenous live today.
|
In Costa Rica eight indigenous groups have been identified and are distributed in 21 reserves that cover a surface area of 320.888 hectares and in which more than thirty thousand indigenous live.
BRIEF REVIEW OF THE
CURRENT INDIGENOUS GROUPS OF COSTA RICA
The aboriginal population of Costa Rica has its origins in two geographic regions of great cultural influence: 1) The Mesoamerican region: With influences from the Aztec, Olmec and Maya cultures. Its spacial expanse is located in the northeast of Costa Rica. (Guanacaste). Its aboriginal settlers cultivated mainly corn, beans, pumpkin and cotton. They can be distinguished from other groups through their artwork in ceramic, jade, stone and objects of gold.
2) The South American region: With a large expanse in Costa Rica, it includes the regions of the Caribbean watershed, the central and south Pacific. The South American influence is reflected in the language of its settlers, the type of dwelling, their political and religious organization and their art. Their culture has marked Amazonic influences.
Even after more than 500 years of conquest and colonization, different indigenous groups have survived in our territory that have conserved their ancestral culture, language and customs. They maintain a very complex kinship system of matrilineal clans, sometimes popularly called uterine descent. It is mainly the Talamancan Indians who, even today after five centuries, still resist “culturization” and proclaim. “Talamanca have never been conquered" It is very true, Talamanca was the only territory in Central America, Panama
and the Caribbean Islands, which could not be conquered by the European invasion.
The population was reduced by a century of conquista in a 97%. Now four centuries later, only 0.25% survive. Intentional genocide or not, it was a biological warfare, one that ended with a splendid culture, whose values and human face just began to hear scarce evidence.
CABECARESAre located on both sides of the Talamanca mountain range toward the Atlantic and the Pacific. This group is one of the most preserved and numerous in the country, with an authentic ethnic identity and with the least altered habitat. The Cabécares are simple, timid and very hospitable Indians, dedicated to agriculture, hunting and fishing activities. They maintain a very complex kinship system of matrilineal clans that they share with the Bribrí. They live in huts with straw roofs and sleep in hammocks. They profess a belief in their god Sibö.
BRIBRISAlso located on both sides of the Talamanca mountain range, the Bribrí form an immense indigenous group that has dispersed in the big valleys and mountains in the provinces of Limón and Puntarenas. They share the god and power structure of the Cabécares. Many scholars have considered the Bribrís and Cabécares to be one single ethnic group. The Bribrís are generally bilingual; they speak perfect Spanish and Bribrí. Many Bribrís have taken up the conveniences of our civilization, (radio and television) however others still live in the mountains in Indian ranches with conical structures.
BRUNCAS OR BORUCASLocated in Buenos Aires of Puntarenas on two reserves: Boruca and Curré. In spite of the fact that their lands were radically diminished by Spanish colonizers, the Borucas, different from the majority of the other groups, were never removed from their original lands. The Borucas were hardened and courageous Indians. They attacked the Spanish on the roads wearing masks made of balsa wood. Their native language, Brunca, is known today only by elders and is being inexorably lost due to the fact that long ago Catholic missionaries prohibited them, under severe punishment, to communicate in their own language.GUAYMIESLocated in the south Pacific of the national territory in the border zone of Costa Rica-Panama. The Guaymí population in our country comes from the mountainous zones in the northern part of Panama. They speak Guaymí and very little Spanish. Religious missionaries such as the Catholic, Bahai, Jehovah’s Witness, Evangelists, etc. have contaminated the Guaymí’s own beliefs to such a point that it is impossible to have them define their religious concepts, except the clinging to their native god NABU.HUETARESThe Huetares or Pacacuas form a fairly reduced indigenous group. They have shown resistance in spite of being located very near to San José in Quitirrisi of Mora and Zapatón of Puriscal in the hills of the central Pacific. Having been very affected by colonization and traffic moving toward the urban centers, the Huetares still maintain traditions that allow them to conserve their ethnic identity.GUATUSOS OR MALEKUSA small indigenous group in population and territorial expansion. Located on the plains in the northern part of the Guatuso canton in the province of Alajuela. They have conserved their cultural expression and speak Maleku. They venerate their god TOKU.
CHOROTEGASTheir splendor having been wiped out by the conquest, the Chorotegas have been reduced to a small settlement on the Matambú indigenous reserve, located between the cantons of Hojancha and Nicoya in the province of Guanacaste. They are potters descended from an excellent tradition whose ancient art fill the display cases of our museums.TERIBESImmigrants from Panamanian lands, they are located close to the southern border in Yorkin and Sixaola. The Teribes live in mountainous places with difficult access. They have conserved their language and engage in hunting and fishing. Ethnographic studies incorporate these indigenous people into the Talamancan groups"When we look at the work of makers
of pre-Hispanic areas, we can see through it the development of skills and technology, unprecedented in the ancient world:
The sculpture of granite to a spherical shape, with a close tolerance of perfection."
First contact.
The first contact of Europeans with a Costa Rican land and its inhabitants, was on September 18, 1502, when on his fourth voyage to the New World Christopher Columbus landed their caravels near Cariari Island in the Caribbean coasts of the province today Limon, Costa Rica. However, the Spanish invasion in Costa Rican land could not be made from the shores of the Caribbean. Aboriginal natives never looked at the invaders with sympathetic eyes and the Talamanca region formed one of the most courageous resistance against the invaders, recorded throughout the Americas, and could not be steamrolled. The conquest of Costa Rica. |
|
Yes, now we are a third world Banana
Republic. But, now we have more teachers than soldiers, and still, no arms. Our Sport is Futbol
- Nothing better for national pride than sports.
There might be stone spheres in other areas around the world, but I can asure you, not bigger, nor as many, or as beautiful and perfect as ours. And no coffee better than ours. National Pride.
"The enormous organización that led to Fetch
and prepare, turn and carving, chopping, grinding and mobilization of large and heavy granite masses,
causes a deep admiration and total respect for their makers, who had an undeniable ability to make such an unusual task, equipped
with only Neolithic tools , plant materials and an unwavering purpose and dedication, as if a God, demanding total dedication. "
I would like to introduce:- Alberto Sibaja Álvarez. San José, Costa Rica ® Siböwak A person
who dedicated all his life in search of the roots and history of our Native People. "When we look at the work of makers of pre-Hispanic areas, we can see through it the development
of skills and technology, unprecedented in the ancient world: Such as the sculpture of granite to a spherical shape,
with a close tolerance of perfection."
Time was tied to the heavenly bodies. And they made paintings on Large Wet Stone spheres. Representing the night sky on the inside of a larger Bubble. Tracing the trajectory of the heavenly bodies on the wet rock face.
First the sun and the moon - to mark the planting seasons. The water shows the imperfections, years go by, they keep working on it every day to make them perfectly round and shiny, with a water savila mix it remain wet all night long.
The stars mirrored on the inside what happened out there. Rolling the stone ball, imitate the movements of the heavenly bodies. If you rol it forward you go ahead in Time. Time to plant, Time to harvest the gifts from SURA smile at you The year comes to another end. That very day is always marked by the Sun. Called the summer solstice for us here now. December 22 every year. The Wise ones have always predicted Present Time Era comes to an end in the year 2012. A new era for LIFE continue now. The Era of Cosmos That is, when Man is ready to go. The Wise ones have always predicted Present Time Era comes to an end in the year 2012. A new era for LIFE continue now. The Era of Cosmos That is, when Man is ready to go. The Living moved their first Heavenly body from its set course. To change the course of destiny. Free at last, to take control of our Cosmos "Helios" now. Move ahead in Cosmic Time, where LIFE is the center of it all. (simbolic) Now that, is a different story, for another day. Petro glyphs indicate territorial and astronomic maps - Night Skies valid to this day with indications of the Planting seasons. Petro glyphs of Astronomic constellations with local significance.Please take note M31 the Andromeda Galaxy – How did they knew it was a galaxy.??? This is a modern map of the constelation of Pegasues and the position of Andromeda M31.
Inter
American routes. Only recently
here in Costa Rica has been rediscovered an extensive web of trails that cover thousands of Kilometers of stone paved
roads, up to ten meters wide and 75cms thick for heavy trafic today. These ancient roadways passing through the current national
territory from border to border, with side roads to popular gathering places, waterfalls, Warm termal bathes still in use
today..
Irigation systems stil operating today after 2000years.
|
|
Enter supporting content here |
